난이도 & 준비물
증상
자동차 배터리를 방전시키지 않으면서 조명 등을 위해 400W, 12V 전원공급장치를 차량에 설치하려고 합니다. 로터리 스위치를 사용하여 배터리를 분리하고 메인→12V 전원공급장치를 빠르게 연결할 계획입니다. 전원 전환 중 시계와 스테레오 설정을 유지하기 위해 병렬로 연결된 4개의 1mF 커패시터(50V 정격)를 사용하려고 합니다.
처리 내용
자동차 배터리는 충분한 전력을 제공하지만, 400W 12V 전원공급장치는 어떻게 될까요? 배터리에서 400W 12V 전원공급장치로 천천히 전환하면(스위치가 중간 상태에서 오래 머물러 있으면) 커패시터가 완전히 방전되어 400W 전원공급장치에 높은 부하가 걸려 과전류 보호 기능이 작동할 수 있습니다. 우수한 전원공급장치는 전류를 제한하기 위해 전압을 제한하지만, 품질이 낮은 제품은 꺼질 수 있습니다. 48mA의 전류로 5Ω 저항기를 사용하면 0.048A × 5Ω = 0.24V가 손실되고, 최대 전류는 12V / 5Ω = 2.4A, 최대 전력은 12V × 2.4A = 28.8W가 되어 400W 전원공급장치에서 충분히 제공 가능합니다. 스위치에서 자동차 전기 시스템으로의 연결과 커패시터 사이에 저항기를 설치하십시오. 최소 저항기는 0.36Ω입니다.
출처
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